Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery to enlarge and correct the shape of the breast.The operation is performed with special implants, which are almost no worse than natural mammary glands.
what is it
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows correction of the mammary glands.This technique is used on women who have sagging breasts, changes in shape and volume, such as due to pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a method of surgical breast enlargement and shape improvement.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be placed under the fascia, gland or pectoral muscle.
The location of the incisions may also vary.In order to avoid the development of complications after the intervention, care rules must be strictly followed.
In order to make the mammary glands look more natural after the operation, the specialist gives recommendations for choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several types.
By content
They can be classified into several types.
Silicone
They consist of cohesive gel of different densities.The peculiarity of such implants is that they do not leak if they are damaged.
salt
Filling: brine.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be slightly lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, bumps and bumps may form when worn under the skin.
Implantation of selected implants is a key stage of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on the correct placement and tissue contact.
Most complications can be easily avoided by the surgeon's competent measures.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bio-implant.It is completely compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantages are flexibility, safety and non-toxicity.
According to shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The first ones are used for minor changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
According to surface type and profile
The surface of the denture can be smooth or rough.
There are high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body shape, the structure of the sternum, the condition and size of the mammary glands.
Access methods
To insert the implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, which results in the replacement of the vacuum space.
Periareolar
The breast tissue is cut at the areola site.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The post-surgery scar disappears almost completely over time.
Submmary
An incision is made along the crease line under the breast.This method is considered the most convenient in terms of scar visibility, since the seam is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the trunk.
Armpit
It affects the incisions near the armpit.The method is sloppy and more complex;the scars are clearly visible.In addition, in this case it is difficult to insert the implants correctly into the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Placement of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, mammary gland or pectoral muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several positioning tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values should be taken into account:
- pointaccess;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalcharacteristicsand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalconditioncustomers;
- the presence of a relativerestrictionsfor the operation.
Plastic surgery includes three categories of complexity.
First of all
Complexity 1 augmentation mammoplasty involves periareolar access and endoprostheses.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Second time
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prostheses with a vertical scar are performed;assumes a moderate level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative restrictions that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which implants are placed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery are:
- smallsizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- he saggedbreast or areola prolapse, which may occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- performed incorrectlyplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
The correction of mammary glands with gel or silicone prosthesis has absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs suffering from serious diseases;
- circleup to the age of 18;
- infancyfeeding;
- Cancer;
- mentaldisorders and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications are:
- fibrous junctionsinside the mammary gland;
- largeweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems such as rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicose veinsdilation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform diabetes surgery during the compensation phase.The operation should be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty includes preparation.
It is important to see some professionals.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area, and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will tell you about the activities performed during the surgical intervention, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify possible limitations of the surgery.The anesthesiologist helps determine the presence of individual intolerance and the tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and substances used.
After that, the patient receives a referral for a laboratory test, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- in case of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes fluorography, X-ray, electrocardiogram and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes occurring in a chronic form, a report indicating the duration of remission must be requested from the attending physician.
If no contraindications to surgical intervention have been identified, the woman must follow a number of recommendations at the preparation stage.
You must stop smoking and drinking alcohol at least one and a half weeks before the expected date.Do not expose your body to stressful situations and nervous overload.You should also stop taking blood thinners.
Execution technique
It is possible to come to the office the day before the operation or directly on the day of the operation.Prior to this, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured at the hospital.
After that, the specialist performs general anesthesia.In the area of the mammary glands, the surface of the skin is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed, and the body is connected to a special device that allows monitoring the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic has taken effect, the doctor starts directly with the manipulation itself.The desired length is cut in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully separated to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.The vessels are cauterized to stop the bleeding.
The surgeon then takes out the endoprosthesis and places it in the desired position through the incision.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shapewear, which prevents the implant from moving sideways.
Healing period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which not only avoids the formation of pustular formations, but also speeds up the healing process.
Self-absorbable sutures are usually applied to the incision and do not need to be removed.After about 7 days, the patient only needs to remove nodules that rise above the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, a cast will be applied to the suture and a brace must be worn.
Since in the first days after the operation, the woman is bothered by pronounced pain, the specialist recommends taking painkillers to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the risk of infection.
Avoid taking hot showers or baths or any physical activity for two weeks to reduce swelling.In order to prevent capsule contracture, it is necessary to massage the breast, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the implantation of the implant.
Visiting the sauna, bath and solarium must be avoided for 5 days.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
During the recovery period, special attention should be paid to the diet.Food should be light and easily digestible.You should include more iron-rich fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects can be divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous to human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openinghe is bleeding– damage to the vascular system contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma- usually occurs a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in the hospital for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the sensory nerve;
- hematomas;
- suppurationat the site of sutures - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophic tissues;
- rupture ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrous type contracture.
All of the above consequences require immediate medical attention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly trained surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision about breast augmentation with implants, you should weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the clinic where the manipulation will be performed.